Basic examples are provided below on how to cite both print and ebooks. If you cannot locate a specific element, click here for missing element rules. Consult the APA Style Manual 7th edition for additional examples.
Book (Print Book) - italicize the title and end every element with a period (.)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher.
Example: Villa, S.S., (2020). Wishing for rain. Random House.
Book (Ebook) - italicize the title and end every element with a period (.), with the exception of the end of the URL or DOI
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of the book (7th ed.). Publisher. DOI or URL
Example: Villa, S.S., (2020). Wishing for rain. Random House. https://wishingwebsite.com
Book (Dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia) - Italicize the title of any dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia.
Author, A. (Copyright Year). Title of Entry. Title of Source. Publisher.
Example: Villa, S.S., (2020). Western Weeds. Britannica. Yucca Publishing.
Rules:
If you are unable to locate an author's name, but find an editor's name, insert the editor's name in the author element using the following pattern:
Editor, A (Ed).
Basic examples are provided below on how to cite print and digital journal articles. If you cannot locate a specific element, click here for missing element rules. Consult the APA Style Manual 7th edition for additional examples.
Journal Article (with a DOI) - italicize the journal name and issue number.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal,Issue#(volume#), page#.DOI
Example: Coloon, T. A., & J,. (1987). Rainy days are here again. Pediatric Mode, 27(111), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1002.1254
Journal Article (without a DOI) - italicize the journal name and issue number.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal,Issue#(volume#), page#.URL
Example: Coloon, T. A., & J,. (1987). Rainy days are here again. Pediatric Mode, 27(111), 11-15. https://www.time.com/rainy-day
Rules:
If your article consists of 20 or less authors, you must include all of the authors' names. An ampersand (&) goes right before the last author's name. See the example below:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B., Author, C.C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I.,
Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R.
R., Author, S. S., & Author, T. T. (Copyright Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal. Issue#, (volume#), page#, DOI
If there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors' names, exclude the ampersand, and insert an ellipsis (...) after the 19th name, then add the final author's name. See the example below:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B., Author, C.C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I.,
Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R.
R., Author, S. S., ... Author, Z. Z. (Copyright Year). Title of article. Title of the Journal, Issue#, (volume#), page#. DOI
Basic examples are provided below on how to cite a print and digital article from a newspaper and magazine. If you cannot locate a specific element, click here for missing element rules. Always consult the APA Style Manual 7th edition for additional examples.
Magazine Article (Print) - Italicize the magazine title and volume number, but not the issue number.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Magazine Title, Volume#(Issue#), page#.
Example: Lindor, C. (2011 April 5). Fire in the house. Loser, 14(37), 22-25.
Magazine Article (Digital) - Italicize the magazine title and volume number, but not the issue number.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Magazine Title, Volume#(Issue#), page #. URL or DOI
Example: Lindor, C. (2011 April 5). Fire in the house. Loser, 14(37), 22-25. https://loser.com/toeri/teoos
Newspaper Article (Print) - Italicize the newspaper title.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Newspaper Title. Newspaper Section.
Example: Pepper, D.R. (2011, March 12). Crazy people in our town. Current Argus. C4.
Newspaper Article (Digital) - Italicize the newspaper title and replace the newspaper section with the appropriate URL or DOI.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of the article. Newspaper Title. URL or DOI
Example: Pepper, D.R. (2011, March 12). Crazy people in our town. Current Argus. https://www.currentargus.com/crazypeopleinourtown
Basic examples are provided below on how to cite a webpage. If you cannot locate a specific element, click here for missing element rules. Consult the APA Style Manual 7th edition for additional examples.
Webpage (no author, but group name is available) - Italicize the title.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title. URL
Example: Center for Disease Control. (2018, January 23). People at high risk for developing the flu. https://www.cdc.gov/people-at-
high-risk
Webpage (with author) - Italicize the title.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title. Website group. URL
Example: Jones, C.G. (2018, January 23). People at high risk for developing the flu. Center for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/people-at-
high-risk
Webpage (from a news website) - Italicize the title.
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title. News Channel. URL
Example: Taylor, G.C. (2018, January 23). People at high risk for developing the flu. CNN. https://www.cdc.gov/people-at-
high-risk
Basic examples are provided below on how to cite miscellaneous sources. If you cannot locate a specific element, click here for missing element rules. Consult the APA Style Manual 7th edition for additional examples.
Social Media (Tweet)
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@handle]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words. [Tweet].
Site Name. http://www....website goes here
Example: Farmers World Media Group [@crops]. (2009, December 22). Today was a hot day on the farm and I was ready to go
home in the good ol’ air conditioner [Tweet]. Twitter. https://www......url.com
Video Streaming
Last Name, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video]. Streaming Service. URL
Example: Lushi, K. (2016, July 3). Teenage culture [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?